The Beatles are credited with putting Liverpool, England on the map. But long before Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and George Harrison conquered the music world in the mid-1960s, the city of their birth was prominent on another map as one of the largest slave trading centers in the world.
"The estimate is that on Liverpool ships alone, there were more than 1.5 million enslaved Africans-that's a low estimate," Richard Benjamin, director of the International Slavery Museum, told a delegation accompanying Jesse L. Jackson to England.
The museum, said to be the largest slave museum outside of North America, is impressive and places many visitors on the verge of tears as it recreates the horrors of slavery.
To put 1.5 million enslaved Africans into perspective, that's larger than the African-American population of every U.S. city except New York. That's more than the combined number of Blacks in Los Angeles and Chicago.
"What made Liverpool the most successful salve trading city was it had dry docks, it had infrastructure to build the ships, the people to command the ships and to make the goods that were sold - it had everything. It was the ultimate business for Liverpool merchants. And it took it to a different level than London and Bristol and that's why Liverpool became capital of the slave trade," Benjamin said as he showed visitors around the museum.
A museum brochure notes, "The first known slave ship to sail from Liverpool was Liverpool Merchant, which left the port on 3 October 1699 and transported 220 Africans to Barbados. The trade grew slowly over the next 20 years but then developed rapidly.
"By 1750 Liverpool was sending more ships to Africa than the other main slaving ports of Bristol and London put together and the town's ships dominated the trade until abolition in 1807. In the final 15 years of the trade being legal, Liverpool controlled 80 percent of the British and over 40 percent of the European slave trade."
One section of the museum seeks to simulate conditions on a packed Trans-Atlantic voyage, with strong visuals, beatings, and even captured Africans throwing up. Through it all, the exhibits make clear that enslaved Africans resisted.
Posted prominently in the museum is a quote from William Prescott, a former slave: "They will remember that we were sold, but not that we were strong. They will remember that we were bought, but not that we were brave."
Fortunately, the museum doesn't limit its collections to slavery. It covers the U.S. Civil Rights Movement in great detail, down to the sounds of barking dogs in Birmingham through the Black Power Movement of the late 1960s.
For example, there is one video chp of a White supremacist saying, "They all look at the White man as being the master and the (?-word) as being the slave." Immediately following that clip is an audio visual of Dr. King saying, "A new Negro came into being with a new determination to suffer, struggle, to sacrifice and even to die, if necessary, in order to be free."
Posted on one wall is a poignant quote from Jesse Owens, the star of the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. He said: "I wasn't invited to shake hands with Hitler, but I wasn't invited to the White House to shake hands with the President either."
Classes are held in the museum to teach students about slavery and how Europeans benefited from it
"A lot of the people in the Black community said don't let people leave the museum equating Black history and African history with slavery," Benjamin recalled. "You also have to tell them of the many different achievements and other aspects."
Consequently, a Black achievement wall has short biographies of 76 descendants of Africa, many of them Americans. The 77th - Barack Obama - will be added soon.
Most of the major streets in Liverpool, including Abby Road popularized by the Beatles, were named after famous slave traders. The museum has a display of most of the street names with their connection to slavery.
It is estimated that between a third and onehalf of Liverpool's slave trade between 1750 and 1807 was to Africa and the West Indies. Approximately 40 percent of Liverpool's wealth was derived from either dealing in enslaved people or the goods they produced. At least 20 mayors of the city were directly involved in the slave trade.
Benjamin, the director of the museum, said there was some resistance to the establishment of the museum in 2007. It was opened on August 23, observed each year as Slavery Remembrance Day.
[Author Affiliation]
George E. Curry is a keynote speaker, moderator, and media coach. He can be reached through his Web site, www.georgecurry.com.
No comments:
Post a Comment